The+Civil+War

The Civil war []

similarities: Each state goes by the constitution of the united states of america. All secession acts of the states include the word "ordain" Some have more sections than others

differences: Although each state follows the constitution, they have different sets of rules they have to follow. A (author) P (place/time) P (prior knowledge) A (audience) R (reason) T (the main idea) S (significance)

Secession Act #1: South Carolina A- people together at the convention in south carolina P- December 20th 1860, done in Charleston P- They need slaves to keep up their economy A- all the other states, and the citizens of south carolina. R- to continue slavery T- the people in the state decide to withdraw from the US in order to continue with the slaves S- South carolina wants to secede from the US in order to perpetuate slavery (continue on with it)

Secession Act #2: Florida A- people together at the convention in Florida P- January 10th 1861, done in Florida P- Florida is in the south, therefore, was probably a slave state. A- Anyone in the country who had anything to do with Florida R- Florida wanted to become an independent state, not have anything to do with the rest of the states. T- Florida didn't want to have the same government as the other states, and wanted to become an independent state, with their own rules and government. S- to become an independent state.

Reflection: Does the reasoning behind each of these Acts make sense to you? Why or why not? Would you sign on to these Secession Acts if you lived in the state it represents? -These do make sence, because for South Carolina, i can understand why they would want to keep slavery because their economy depends on it. For Florida, they probably didn't agree with the government, and wanted to have their own way of living. I would most likely sign on to these, because I would be doing what i think is best for my state and my family.

6/6/11 List of things I see in the images: -young boy soldiers -they look depressed -each have a different uniform -two of them are in some sort of frame -the other two are just standing there -first soldier looks like he's about 9 -second solfier looks like he's about 11 -third soldier looks like he's about 13 -the last soldier looks like he's about 17 -maybe they were each forced to serve in the army.. maybe all boys were expected to do so.

i see: -two men in uniforms smoking -the arm of man on the left is holding a cigarette that is in the other man's mouth, and vice versa -an old photo -frame -man on the left wears a long sleeve shirt that doesn't have stripes but the other man does -the man's expression (looking/staring at something)

it means: -the two men are soldiers -they are on a break, maybe companions -taken place a long time ago -photo is treasured -two men are from different armies, but are allies -they are probably surprised/shocked at something

Read the following mini-bio of Robert E. Lee: In early 1861, President [|Abraham Lincoln] invited Lee to take command of the entire Union Army. Lee declined because his home state of Virginia was, despite his wishes, seceding from the Union. When Virginia declared its secession from the [|Union] in April 1861, Lee chose to follow his home state.[|[][|1][[[]|]]] Lee's eventual role in the newly established Confederacy was to serve as a senior military adviser to [|President] [|Jefferson Davis]. //**Task**// //Pretend that Massachusetts has seceded for reasons which you disagree (the right of states to determine whether or not to allow slavery). You are asked by the President to uphold the Constitution by commanding the US Army which will re-take Massachusetts by force. Do you accept this job from the President or do you resign and return to Massachusetts to defend it against the US Army? Why?//
 * Robert Edward Lee** (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870) was a career military officer who is best known for having commanded the Confederate [|Army of Northern Virginia] in the [|American Civil War]. The son of U.S. Revolutionary War hero, [|Henry ("Light Horse Harry") Lee III], and a top graduate of [|West Point], Robert E. Lee distinguished himself as an exceptional officer and [|combat engineer] in the [|United States Army] for 32 years before resigning to join the Confederate cause. By the end of the American Civil War, he was commanding general of the [|Confederate army]. He became a postwar icon of the South's "[|lost cause]," and is still admired to this day.

I wouldn't support is because although it is my state I'm going against, I want the whole United States to be united so I wouldn't be able to just think about myself. I am against slavery so I am on the abolitionist side, even though my state is not. I don't agree with what my state is doing, and if it gets any worse, all I have to do is move to a place where my expectqations and needs are met. I believe in standing up for what you feel strongly about and there's no way I would support slavery just because my state does.

//Reflection: Is there anyway to avoid taking a side if you live in the United States during the Civil War? Explain your reasoning.// No, because if you don't take a side, either the union, or the confederate states would force that state to pick their side through invasion and/or violence. It would be hard to not take a stand because everyone around that state would be fighting, leaving them to face one of the sides.

Civil War Themes

‍4) Fellow Americans or Traitors ... or both?
//Strategies for WAR// //Go through your notes on 11, Section 1.// In your virtual notebook make a chart which summarizes the Northern strategy for war, and the Southern Strategies for war. This chart can be in any form you like however it should summarize both strategies and should also explain which you think will be more effective and why you think that (be warned, it might be different than your first impression!)
 * //USING YOUR NOTES!!!//**

- //Anaconda Plan//: plan devised by general Winfield Scott to seal the south off from the rest of the world - navy blocks south's parts to prevent Confederacy from importing manufactured goods and exports from the south - gunboats cut Confederacy in two (move down Mississippi River) -> I think this strategy will be more effective because forming a blockade could cause a huge downfall in trade for the Confederate States. It could starve their people to death, disrupt their businesses, and lead slaves to rebel against them. This plan slowly 'suffocates' or tortures their enemy as well as being very effective.
 * Northern Strategy:**

- //Cotton Diplomacy//: south's use of cotton as a tool of foreign policy - Confederates stopped shipping cotton to Britain and France because they fail to notice the south as an independent nation - This would cause both nations to come to the Confederacy's aid to restore the cotton trade (expected strong British navy to break through Union blockade of southern ports) - Memphis Argus told planters to embargo (totally restrict) export of cotton to markets overseas
 * Southern Strategy:**

//Technology and War//
 * Using the notes you created for section 2 of Chapter 11 - make a list of all the new weapons / technology utilized by troops during the Civil War and explain:**

- bullet-shaped ammunition - rifles (NOT new) - shrapnel - canister - gatling guns - wire entanglements - flamethrowers - gash shells (stink bombs) - telegraph - artillery

- The new technology made it easier to kill people. Range and accuracy increased which are both vital components that leads to victory in a war and the new devices positively affected those components.
 * 1) What purpose the new technology served**

- It made long-range fighting common because guns were more efficient and easier to use. Railroad and telegraphs also changed how generals made battlefield decisions. Before the inventions, the army would have to stick with one plan and go through with it no matter what but now it was possible to have varying plans right on the battlefield. Not only that but at sea, the battle of the ironclad ships also changed warfare.
 * 2) How it changed the way war was fought**

- These weapons made the battles more dangerous and easier for the side that has access to them. However, it was extremely more difficult for the opposing side to go against new efficient devices using old ones.
 * 3) The importance of this weapon to the overall picture of the Civil War**

- No because although the technology is new, experienced soldiers are capable enough to counteract the attacks using old weapons with tactics of their own. Also, they are capable enough of dodging at least a few attacks released from the new devices. Better technology just means it is new, it doesn't mean that it won't break. If a beginner were to have to use new technology during battle, they would have a hard time controlling the device when experienced soldiers already know what they're doing. What a general needs are experiences soldiers, not just new weapons that people might not even know how to use.
 * Can new, better technology take the place of experienced quality soldiers? Why or why not?**


 * Complete the following chart for all of the major battles of the early part of the Civil War.**


 * Be sure to identify the victor (if there was one!) and to explain the importance of each battle to the grand scheme of the civil war.**

//Major Battles of the Civil War 1861-1863//


 * Comments, Questions, Connections, Inferences, predictions || Battle/Date || Victor || Significance of Battle ||
 * Why is the battle named the first battle of Bull Run? Is it because that was when Beauregard told the line of foot soldiers to charge which caused the Union to turn into a stampede and that lead to the idea? || 1st Bull Run || Confederates || It was an indication that this would be a long and bloody war. It was the first major land battle of the Civil War. ||
 * I think the Union will win the Civil War even though they don’t seem to be doing so good right now because this battle gave them an opportunity to control the Mississippi River. I’m sure they’ll win if they battle it out right from this point on because this is a good chance to be the Confederates as they achieve their ‘western goal’. || Shiloh || No one (Lincoln said Union won) || It moved the Union closer to its "western goal" of gaining control of the Mississippi River and made people realize it would be a long bloody war. ||
 * I think McClellan is annoying during this battle because he kept doing nothing when Lincoln gave him explicit orders. When you’re the commander of an army, you don’t just stand there and do nothing. You have to take action against the other side when your president tells you to do so. || 2nd Bull Run || Confederates || It was a very important victory for the South. In fact, it was the most decisive battle in the Northern Virginia campaign for the Confederates. ||
 * I think Lincoln shouldn’t have used the battle as a Union victory because people could be very upset or lose trust in him if he lied to the country about who won to drive the Emancipation Proclamation forward. || Antietam || Union || Lincoln used the battle as a Union victory, although it was an overall tie, to put in motion the Emancipation Proclamation. ||
 * I think Ambrose Burnside shouldn’t have charged into Lee’s army like that because it was the main reason why it costs the Union this battle. By doing so, he was falling into Lee’s trap. I think he should’ve at least waited a bit because something else might’ve happened and he wouldn’t have lost all his soldiers that easily. || Fredricksburg || Confederates || It ended the campaign against the Confederate Capitol of Richmond. ||

1- The union strategy was to be aggressive and enter their territory without fear, using violence and eventually winning. The confederate strategy was to use cotton diplomacy as their strength, because it was the only thing they had. I think the Union's plan is more effective because they aren't just standing around waiting for something to happen. Although they are using violence and intimidation, they are the ones who were actually working to win the war, and doing something about it.

Union-offense: block the ports (blockade) -anaconda plan Confederacy-defense: kicked the union's booty for 3 years because the union army had no experience with fighting because all the colonels came from the south Lee- second class at West Point Stonewall Jackson- general for the confederates They are both trained professionals.

2- Supporting: -they each had new weapons to use, and had a higher chance of winning. -it helped them out more than the old stuff would -each side had some sort of new technology so it was fair

Opposing: -there were more stuff to carry to the battlefield -little kids were the ones dealing with the big stuff, running around with it -more dangerous for so many people to have

Gatling Gun- The "good" soldiers behind the untrained soldiers had these guns, but only used it when 10,000 men were wiped out. This way, the other team would waste their amunition on the untrained soldier and wouln't be able to defeat the real soldiers with the gatling guns. Rifles- Not new, but useful. This was invented in the American Revolution, not the Civil War. Iron Clads- big iron boats that shoot out cannons but it gets so hot in there that people in there would burn and die, not being able to survive through the battle. Bullet- Minie Balls- they were pointed at the ends so it flew straighter and hit something many yards away, but were made out of very soft lead and did tons of damage. They are now banned because once you shoot someone with these, it leaves a small hole where it hit but the whole back side is blown out. Telegraph Shrapnel Trains

3- The confederates were winning in 1863 because they had experience, better strategies, enemy lacked trained soldiers, and they fought on their home turf as defense. This idea was stolen from George Washington. All they had to do was not give up (surrender).


 * UNION HAS TO FORCE THE CONFERDERATES TO REJOIN! They consider themselves and independent country.

confederates needed shoes so they had to invade the north because thats where the shoes were located- Gettysbur, PA. This was the turning point of the Civil War because it was on Union turn and the confederates did not defend themselves anymoe because they had invaded.

1863- the union was losing so Abe Lincoln had to come up with a way to win the war... the anaconda plan takes 5 years for it to take place, and work.

Emancipation Proclamation: OPPOSE!

[]

**1.** Which army had the advantage after the first day of fighting? What were some reasons for their success? Could they have been even more successful? -The Confederates had the advantage after the first day of fighting because they attacked the union, leaving their men not knowing what to do and they captured many men that were in the union, so they had a better advantage. They could have been more successful if they used more strategy and not just attack them out of nowhere. The union wasn't expecting this attack, and that's a good thing, and the Confederates still won.
 * Reading 1: Three Days of Carnage at Gettysburg **

**2.** What was the situation by the evening of July 2? -The main strength of both armies had arrived at the battlefield, ready to fight. They each attacked each other at different times, and at the end of the day, the results were indecisive for both armies.

**3.** What evidence from the previous day's fighting brought General Lee to decide on the strategy for Pickett's Charge on July 3? What was the result of that assault? -The union was prepared for anything they had coming at them so he dicided to charge at them but this ended in many soldiers wounded or killed, and the Confederates slowly began to withdraw from the battle on July 4.

**4.** Why did General Lee decide to withdraw from Gettysburg? -Many soldiers were being killed, wounded, or crippled and they could no longer continue fighting.

**Part A: A Soldier's View of Gettysburg**

1. What part did Elisha Hunt Rhodes play at Gettysburg? -He was part of the people who watched everything and had a first hand account

**2.** How was he able to justify the suffering endured by the Union troops? -He marched 34 miles in which he and the troops were exhausted and famished. They were exposed to the artilery and fought against the confederates on home turf where they were defending themselves.

**3.** How did he respond to the Union victory? -He acted like any of the other people who fell asleep because he was tired.

//**Part B: The Call to Duty**// **1.** How did Edward Porter Alexander feel about Georgia's secession?

**2.** What option did the U.S. Army provide Alexander to avoid becoming involved in the conflict?

**3.** How did he justify his choice?

**Part C: Changes in Loyalty**

[] **2.** Why did Captain John Moore not give the order to charge? How might you have felt in his place?
 * 1.** Consider Andrew Baker's vivid descriptions of the valiant behavior exhibited in the chaos of battle. Describe the actions of Captain W. T. Magruder. Speculate on his motivations for fighting in both armies before his death at Gettysburg.

Explain how the emacipation proclamation was a strategic move on the part of Abraham Lincoln and not necessarily a moral move because he felt compassion towards the slaves? Be SUPER specific!!! -Abraham Lincoln couldn't do anything about the slaves in the south because no matter what, the south wouldn't free their slaves. Lincoln KNOWS this so he didn't free the slaves in the Union slave states (Maryland, Missouri, Delaware, Kentucky-border states)- slave states that were in the union. This is a strategic move because he tricked the confederates into freaking out. He wanted them to say that Abe Lincoln had no control over them because they weren't part of his country anymore. They now turned this war into a war over slavery even though they were supposed to be fighting over state's rights. The US was the last country to have slavery so when the south said they wanted to defend slavery, nobody would fight on their sides because everyone had already given slavery up. Britain would only join forces if all the slaves were freee so they had to let the slaves go.

Find 2 flaws in Lincoldn's plan to issure the Emancipation Proclamation: 1.) Border states still had slaves and they were in the north even though the north was fighting against slavery. -martial law was declared on the 4 border states by Abraham Lincoln but that was going against the constitution and those states were still part of the country, and he knew he was violating the constitution, but he also knew that it was for the good of the country. -one hiccup: he aid he was going to shoot people in the head if they said a word against him, so those people were most likely not going to vote for him again during the reelection and he wouldn't be able to be president anymore. 2.) Confederacy would actually give up slaves.